Immunoglobulin Therapy: Hepatitis B Immunoglobulin (HBIG)
Hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) is a treatment method used to provide immediate passive immunity against the Hepatitis B virus (HBV). The combination of HBIG and Hepatitis B vaccine administered immediately after birth is very effective in protecting newborns from HBV infection. This report will provide detailed information about the details of HBIG treatment, its application method, effects and importance.
Definition of Hepatitis B Immunoglobulin (HBIG)
HBIG is a solution containing high levels of antibodies against Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). These antibodies are obtained from the blood of an infected person and then purified and prepared for medical use. HBIG provides rapid but short-term protection against HBV infection.
Intended Uses of HBIG
HBIG is used in the following situations:
- Newborn Babies: It is administered immediately after birth to prevent HBV infection in babies born to HBV carrier mothers.
- Acute Exposure Situations: Individuals at high risk of exposure to HBV (e.g., needlestick injuries, contact with infected blood or body fluids).
- Other High-Risk Situations: Can be used in individuals at risk of HBV infection who have not been protected by vaccination.
Postnatal Administration
The combination of HBIG and Hepatitis B vaccine is administered as follows to prevent HBV infection in infants born to HBV carrier mothers:
- HBIG Administration: HBIG is administered intramuscularly within the first 12 hours after the baby is born. This provides the baby with rapid passive immunity and provides immediate protection against the virus.
- Hepatitis B Vaccine: Hepatitis B vaccine is administered to babies at the same time or immediately after HBIG. The vaccine provides long-term protection and helps develop active immunity.
Combined Use of HBIG and Vaccine
The combination of HBIG and Hepatitis B vaccine provides the most effective protection against HBV infection:
- Role of HBIG: Provides antibodies quickly and provides immediate protection against HBV in the baby.
- Role of Vaccine: Provides long-term protection by stimulating the baby's immune system and creates immune memory.
Combination Effectiveness
- High Protection Rate: The combination of HBIG and vaccine reduces the risk of infection by 90-95% in babies born to HBV carrier mothers.
- Long-Term Protection: The short-term protection provided by HBIG is supported by the long-term immunity provided by the vaccine.
Application Method and Dosage
- HBIG Dosage: Babies are usually given 0.5 mL of HBIG intramuscularly.
- Vaccine Dosage: Hepatitis B vaccine is administered in three doses at birth, 1-2 months of age, and 6-18 months of age.
Side Effects and Safety
- Side Effects: HBIG and Hepatitis B vaccine are generally safe. The most common side effects are pain at the injection site and mild fever. Severe side effects are rare.
- Safety: Both HBIG and the vaccine have been found to be safe and effective in large clinical studies.
Follow-up and Monitoring
- Serologic Tests: Serologic tests can be performed in the first 9-12 months after birth to monitor the immune response of infants to HBV. These tests measure levels of HBsAg and anti-HBs.
- Supplemental Doses: Rarely, some babies may not develop adequate immunity. In these cases, additional doses of the vaccine may be required.
Conclusion
The combination of HBIG and Hepatitis B vaccine is highly effective in preventing HBV infection in babies born to mothers who are HBV carriers. HBIG provides rapid passive immunity, while the vaccine provides long-term active immunity. This combination is critical for protecting the health of babies and preventing the spread of HBV. It is possible for health professionals to effectively control the spread of Hepatitis B by applying this treatment method correctly and raising awareness among families.